Reported Speech vs Direct Speech

BACKSHIFTING THE 12 TENSES present simple becomes PAST simple present continuous becomes PAST continuous present perfect – past perfect present perf. cont. – past perfect continuous past simple – past perfect past continuous – past perfect continuous past perfect – stays the same past perf. cont. – stays the same future simple (will) – would future continuous – would be + ing future perfect – would have + past participle future perf. cont. – would have been + ing __ BACKSHIFTING MODALS will – would can – could may (possibility) – might may (permission) – could must (obligation) - had to must (speculation) – stays the same would – stays the same might – stays the same could – stays the same should – stays the same