Pronouncing English can be difficult.
One reason is because English has some difficult sounds that are –
unfortunately for English learners – very common.
But English learners can improve their pronunciation
by using simple, everyday objects.
These objects include candy, a pencil, and a mirror.
What are some of these common difficult
sounds? Well, you have already heard or read them several times in this
story.
The "th" sounds
In English, two different sounds are
spelled with the same pair of letters: "th." You hear (/ð/) in the
word "this," and (/θ/) in the word
"thing."
When you say "this," your
voice box moves. When you say "thing," air moves freely through your
throat.
Marla Yoshida teaches English as a
foreign language at the University of California, Irvine. She notes how strange
these sounds are:
"Those
[sounds] are hard for speakers of a lot of languages, because they are very
unusual sounds... Very rare. I don't want to hurt those sounds' feelings by saying that they're
strange... but, they're [strange]..."
Sometimes, “th” sounds are difficult for
English learners to make because saying them seems impolite, or rude.
All cultures have rules about polite
ways to speak to each other. When speaking English, learners may need to break
some of the rules of politeness they use in their native language.
Tamara Jones, a program coordinator at
the English Language Center at Howard Community College, explains. She tells
why English learners might feel uncomfortable making the "th" (/ð/)
and "th" (/θ/) sounds:
"This
can be really tricky for lots of different speakers because in many languages, it's not
polite to stick your tongue out of your mouth when you are speaking. But in English, to make the
"th" (/θ/) or "th"
(/ð/) sound, you have to put your tongue between your teeth."
So how can English learners teach their
tongues to pronounce "th" (/ð/) and "th" (/θ/) correctly?
Tamara Jones recommends a tasty, fun way
to get in the habit of sticking your tongue between your teeth: using a lollipop.
"I
like to give my students lollipops, and they hold the candy right in front of
their mouth and they can practice saying words like "thanks" or
"there" or "this," and they can practice sticking their
tongue out between their teeth far enough so that they can taste the candy. So,
this is another fun way to practice saying that tricky sound."
The "-er" sound
Other sounds in English may not be as
strange as "th" (/ð/) or "th" (/θ/), but they can still be difficult to pronounce. One example is the
"er" (ɚ) sound. English speakers often use “–er” (ɚ) when they make
comparisons.
Here is an example of an “–er” (ɚ) sound
in a popular song by Britney Spears:
https://youtu.be/AJWtLf4-WWs
Stronger than yesterday
Now
it’s nothing but my way
My loneliness ain’t killing me no more
I’m stronger
Tom Waits - All The World is Green with Lyric
Tamara Jones at Howard
Community College says one way English learners can start improving their
pronunciation of the "i" (ɪ) and "ee" (iː) sounds is to use
another common object. Look in a mirror, she says, while you say the words
“pin” and “green.”
"Because to say
"i" (ɪ), your face is very relaxed, but to say
“ee" (iː), you are pulling the sides of your mouth, almost like
you're smiling – it's a bigger mouth movement; it's a tenser sound
"ee," “ee” versus "i" (ɪ) that is more relaxed. So,
looking in a mirror can help students verify that they are saying the sound
correctly because their mouth is moving in the correct position."
Using these tips
Clearly pronouncing common but
difficult sounds can help you communicate better in English. Improving your
pronunciation will take time and hard work, but a few basic objects will help.
·
Touch a lollipop with the tip of your tongue to practice "th"
(/ð/) and "th" (/θ/) sounds
·
Bite a pencil but do not touch it with your tongue when saying the “er” (ɚ)
sound
·
Use a mirror to make sure your face is relaxed when you say
"i" (ɪ), and that your face is tense when you say "ee" (iː)
Words in This
Story
pronunciation – n. the way in which a word or name
is pronounced
candy – n. a sweet food made with sugar or
chocolate
mirror – n. a piece of glass that reflects
images
tricky – adj. difficult to do or deal with
stick – v. to put something or someone in
a specified place
lollipop – n. a round piece of hard candy on
the end of a stick
tongue – n. the soft, movable part in the
mouth that is used for tasting and eating food and in human beings for speaking
relaxed – adj. not strict or carefully
controlled
tense – adj. not relaxed but hard and
tight